Leonardo Da Vinci - Navo

• Leonardo Da Vinci was the first one to explain why the sky is blue. Leonardo could write in one hand and draw in one hand. Contact lenses were invented and first introduced by Leonardo in 1568.
• Leo was home schooled and lacked in formal education (Greek and Latin).
• Leo's last words were: I have offended god and insulted Mankind. My work did not reach the quality it should have.
• Bill Gates bought Leo's work in 1994 for 30 million US dollars, and a few pages were used as a screen saver in Windows 95.
• Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa painting was very famous after it was stolen by The Louvre in 1911.
• The Mona Lisa painting would always look at you and the eyes moved, nobody knows how Leonardo Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.

Volcanoes - AJ

• Between 10 and 20 volcano are erupting somewhere on earth everyday. The word Volcano came from the Roman god of fire, Vulcan.
• The southernmost active Volcano is in Antarctica. It spews crystals and is very close to the US research center. There is a volcano in Indonesia that spews blue flames.
• In 1600, a volcano eruption in Peru caused a famine that killed 2 million people in Russia. The Japanese authorities built a fence around a volcano at mount Mihara to stop a trend of 2,000 people committing sues side by jumping in.
• In 1986 a volcanic lake burped a Co2 gas cloud that killed 1,746 people in minutes. 80% of volcanic eruptions are caused or have happened under water.
• The volcanic system below the Yellow stone national park has enough lava to fill up 11 full Grand Canyons! In 1943, a fissure opened in a farmer's cornfield in Mexico, Growing into a five story tall volcano in only a week and up to 1,100 feet in a year.

Health - Navo

• People who usually eat dinner or breakfast in restaurants are more likely to become obese. Sitting for three or more hours a day can cut off 2 years of a person's life expectancy. Over 30% of cancer can be prevented by avoiding Tobacco and Alcohol, having a healthy diet and physical activity. 
• Sleeping less than 7 hours hours can shorten a person's life expectancy. Each cigarette you use reduced your life span by 11 minutes. 1 can of soda can increase your chances of getting type 2 diabetes by 22%. McDonald's caser salads are more fattening than their hamburger.
• On average, people who complain live longer, releasing the tension increases immunity and health.
• Half hour of exercise 6 days a week which is linked to 40% lower risk of early death. 
• Bill Gates' foundation spends more money on health globally each year than the United Nations. 

Titanic - AJ

• The musicians of the Titanic played for ours as the ship sunk. the budget for the famous movie the Titanic was a bigger budget than the Titanic itself.
• The Titanic's chief baker fortified himself with alcohol survived in the freezing water for two hours until he was rescued. Most lifeboats were not filled to their total capacity.
• The Titanic could have been saved if it wasn't for the 30 second delay in giving the order to change course after spotting the ice berg. After hitting the ice berg the ship had sunk in 2 hours and 40 minutes.
• The Titanic was the only ocean liner to have been sunk by an ice berg. Four forward compartments could flood without risk, six did.
• The Titanic's fourth funnel was fake. they wanted people to think that the Titanic was more powerful than any other ship. Nearly a dozen couples were celebrating their honey moon on the Titanic.

Brahmanandam - Navo

• Brahmanandam Kanneganti (born 1 February 1956), is an Indian film actor and a popular comedian in south indian movies. Hailing from Chaganti Vari Palem village, Sattenapalli in Andhra Pradesh, he mostly acts in Telugu films.
•  Prior to films, he was a Telugu lecturer in Attili, a town in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. 
• He currently holds the Guinness World Record for the most screen credits for a living actor. He was honoured with the Padma Shri, for his contribution to Indian cinema in 2009.
• Brahmanandam has broken the record of 1000 movies and he had stop counting his movies on his 997th movie says Brahmanandam.
• His awards were: Hyderabad Times Film Awards Best Actor in a Comic Role, He eaarned a spot in the Guinness world record for acting in 867 movies in 20 years and for having over 1000 movies.

Elvis Presley - Navo

• Elvis Presley was considered the best selling individual artist of all time, with over 500 million records sold. Elvis Presley didn't write any songs of his. Elvis Presley was originally having blonde hair but he dyed it black later on. 
• Elvis Presley had a twin brother that died at birth. Elvis Presley never performed out of north america. Oprah Winfrey and Elvis Presley were distant cousins. 
• Elvis Presley bought President Roosevelt's Presidential Yacht, The Potomac, for $55,000. Elvis Presley once asked his Limo driver, "Do you own this limo or do you work for the company?" the driver responded that he worked for the company. Elvis said "Well you own it now!" Elvis Presley had given the limo's price as a tip.
• Elvis Presley was a Black belt in karate class. In 1977, 3 men tried stealing Elvis Presley's remain for some ransom(money).
• Elvis's remains was moved to Graceland where it is monitored by security guards. Elvis Presley's daughter was Lisa Marie Presley.

Atomic Bomb - AJ

• Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not radioactive anymore mostly because the bombs that were sent there had exploded in the air. A Japanese man survived both of the atomic bomb attacks during world war 2. A survivor of Hiroshima's attack went to Boston in 1951 and won a marathon. Fat Man was the code name for the bomb that had exploded in Nagasaki.
• Kokura, Japan was the main target for the atomic bomb but it had landed in Nagasaki. A Bonsai tree planted in 1626 had survived the atomic bomb attack and now resides in a U.S museum.
• A month after the nuclear bombing in Hiroshima, a Typhoon hit the city and had killed another 2,000 people. 10% of U.S electricity is made out of dismantled atomic bombs. In 1962, U.S blew up a hydrogen bomb in space that was a 100 more times powerful than the one in Hiroshima.
• Atomic bomb tests were a major tourist attraction in Las Vegas during the 1950s. During the cold war, the U.S seriously considered dropping a bomb on the moon to show off there superiority. Russia has over 8,400 nuclear weapons, more than any other country.
• The atomic bomb explosion was only generated by one tiny paper clip. There is a nuclear bomb lost on the coast of Georgia. Robert Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb tried to kill his university tutor with a poisonous apple. 

Starbucks - Navo

• Starbucks has added an average of two stores on a daily basis since 1987.Starbucks had 137,000 employees or “partners” as they call them in 2010. This is twice the population of Greenland.
• There are over 87,000 possible drink combinations at Starbucks. The Trenta is slightly bigger than your stomach with the capacity to hold 916 milliliters. The stomach on average has a capacity of 900 ml. 
• The Starbucks cinnamon chip scone has more calories than a McDonald’s quarter pounder with 480 calories. 
• At $300 million Starbucks spends more on healthcare insurance for its employees than on coffee beans. They offer health insurance to all employees including part-time.
• Starbucks uses over 93 million gallons of milk per year, enough to fill 155 Olympic-sized swimming pools.Starbucks uses 2.3 billion paper cups per year.They currently serve 40 million customers a week.

Holiday Gift Giving - Navo

• Gift giving is an ancient tradition practiced by emperors, chiefs, and heads of state. The exchange of presents between leaders was customary even in tribal times.
• Gifts also marked rites of passage and accomplishments. Most celebrate birthdays, marriages, births and deaths with gifts and gathering together. Everyone knew that the power of giving a gift or talent brought good fortune back to them.
• In early times cooperation was necessary for survival. If someone was helped, and didn’t return favors, soon the spirit of cooperation would die out – making life hard, if not impossible, to survive.
• Giving gifts and reciprocating is in your genetic history, evident in all cultures, and it influences exchanges of every kind. Co-operation builds relationships and communities, and in the right spirit, it is beneficial. Cooperation makes life fun, doesn’t it? Receiving gifts and exchanging talents feels great.
• Give small gifts that show you care and do it with no thought of return. Your attitude sets the tone, and the spirit of giving will continue to be exchanged in many new ways. Others are inspired to do the same – and do so unconsciously – making their lives better.

Thermosphere - Navo

•  Based on the vertical temperature profile in the atmosphere, the thermosphere is the highest layer, located above the mesosphere .
•  While in the troposphere and the mesosphere, the temperature decreases with altitude. In the stratosphere and thermosphere the temperature increases with height (called temperature inversion).
•  It is separated from the mesosphere by the mesopause, in which the temperature does not change much vertically. Above the thermosphere, the upper limit of the atmosphere, the exosphere can be found blending intospace . 
• The upper part of the mesosphere and a big part of the thermosphere overlap with theionosphere , which is a region defined on the basis of electric properties.
• The thermosphere and the exosphere together form the upper atmosphere.

Exosphere - Navo

• The Exosphere is a layer in the atmosphere and is the highest layer which is considered as outer space because there is no air there.
• The Exosphere is one of the five layers in the atmosphere. In the Exosphere you will find  satellites because there is less friction to irritate the satellites. Most of the molecules in the exosphere are pulled back into earth's lowest atmosphere by gravity. The pressure in the exosphere is created by solar wind storms that compress it.
• Although the exosphere is the most distance layer of earth's atmosphere it is the layer that is the planet's first line of defense against the sun's rays. It is also the first layer to come into contact and protect the earth from meteors, asteroids, and cosmic rays.
• If the boundary of the exosphere is considered to be where it is still affected by earth's gravity then the exosphere would be the largest part of earth's atmosphere.
•  If the boundary of the exosphere is considered to be approximately 6200 miles from the earth's surface, as many believe, then the thermosphere is the largest portion of the earth's atmosphere.

Friction - AJ

• Friction is a force that acts to stop the movement of two touching things. The energy lost to friction is turned into sound and heat.
• Two different types of frictions are called Static and Kinetic. Static friction is when friction is strong enough that it is able to stop the movement between two objects. Kinetic friction is when frictional force is not strong enough to stop all motion.
• Friction can be thought to be caused by bumps on two touching surfaces.
  These types of bumps are called asperities.
• As the force that is pushing on an object increases, the static Friction increases too. However, if the force gets bigger than the maximum static Friction, it begins to make the object accelerate.
• Friction is actually caused by electromagnetism. When the atoms that make the objects come close they are drawn to each other and they may connect.

Mesosphere - Navo

• The distance of this layer is from 50km to 85km (30 miles to 50 miles) above the Earth’s surface. Meteors, asteroids, and shooting stars can be seen and are destroyed in this layer. This layer is an upper layer of the atmosphere. 
• The ionosphere, a layer of electronically charged particles that transmits AM radio waves, is found here. This layer is the coldest with extreme temperatures that can reach -80 degress.
• Temperature decreases with height throughout the mesosphere. The coldest temperatures in Earth's atmosphere, about -90° C (-130° F), are found near the top of this layer.
• The mesosphere is difficult to study, so less is known about this layer of the atmosphere than other layers. Weather balloons and other aircraft cannot fly high enough to reach the mesosphere. Satellites orbit above the mesosphere and cannot directly measure traits of this layer. 
• Scientists use instruments on sounding rockets to sample the mesosphere directly, but such flights are brief and infrequent. Since it is difficult to take measurements of the mesosphere directly using instruments, much about the mesosphere is still mysterious.

Meteors being destroyed in the Mesosphere

Slavery - AJ

• India has the largest population in the modern world with over 14 million slaves.  Slavery an economic system. In it, some people must work for no pay. It is also a system of ownership. In many countries slaves were owned by citizens of the country. These people were slaves. There is evidence that even before there was writing, there was slavery. 
•  There have been different types of slavery, and they have been in almost all cultures and continents. Some societies had laws about slavery, or they had an economy that was built on it. Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome had many slaves. During the 20th century almost all countries made laws forbidding slavery. The Universal declaration of Human  rights says that slavery is wrong. Slavery is now banned by international law.Nevertheless, there are still different forms of slavery in some countries.
• The English word "slave" comes from the medeivals word for the Slavic peoples of Central Europe and Eastern Europe, because these were the last ethnic group to be captured and enslaved in Central Europe. According to Adam Smith and Auguste Comte, a slave was mainly defined as a captive or prisoner of war. Slave-holders used to buy slaves at slave auctions. Slaves are not allowed rights.
• For four centuries, beginning in the late 15th century, millions of Africans were taken as slaves by Europeans. The Europeans were not the first to exploit Africa for manpower. Beginning in about 650 AD Arab slave traders began taking slaves from Africa. They dealt mainly in castrated male slaves (enuchs). According to Ronald Segal , author of Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora (2002), "The calipha in Baghdad at the beginning of the 10th Century had 7,000 black eunuchs and 4,000 white eunuchs in his palace”.
•  By the 1900s, Arab slave traders had taken between 10 and 20 million slaves out of Africa. It is not certain that European slave traders obtained black slaves from the Arab slave traders. The Arabs concentrated mainly on supplying their own needs. Europeans began exporting Africans to the New World as a source of cheap labor on colonial plantations.Between 1452 and 1455, Pope Nicolas V issued a series of Papal bulls authorizing the Portuguese to take African slaves. At first slave traders raided costal areas and carried black people off. But the mines and fields of the colonies needed more and more slaves.

Troposhpere - Navo

• The troposhere is the layer closest to the earth's surface and contains the air we breathe, and a airplane would be found flying in the layer.
• In this layer weather occurs(Rain, Snow, Sleet, Hail and Clouds).
• It also has 99% of water vapor and 75% of the atmosphere's gases are found in the troposhere. This layer is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
• This layer begins at the Earth's surface and goes about 10km(6 miles) high.
• Lastly this layer has the most mass amd most air pressure because it has the most air atoms/air molecules here.

Namakkal Fort - Navo

> Namakkal Fort is locating in Namakkal in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. There is a temple and a mosque that are located within the fort, both of which are popular tourist attractions of the town. In modern times the fort is under control by the Government of Tamil Nadu.

>  According to Hindu legend, the hillock on which the fort is located was carried by Hanuman, the monkey lieutenant of King Rama from the epic Ramayana. The hillock is known as Namagiri and also as Saligramam.

> The fort is located in the centre of Namakkal town over a hillock made of single rock named Namagiri.

> The fort is located on the top of the rock, 75 m (246 ft) tall. There is a Narasimha Murthy temple and a mosque that are located within the fort, both of which are popular tourist attractions of the town.

> Kamalalayam tank, located at foothills, is commonly associated with the fort.The fort is made up with well-cut blocks of the same stone as the hill and cemented to the rock by mortar. The higher portions of the fort are held by their own weight and accurate fitting.

Great Barrier Reef - Anita

• The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system. It is located in the Coral Sea, off the north eastern coast of Australia. The coral reef starts from the tip of Cape York Peninsula in the north and ended off the coast in Queensland. It is a replica of the 2,900 small, individual barrier reefs near Queensland. It is one of the Earth's largest natural structures made by many small organisms.
• The Great Barrier Reef stretches 1,600 miles,hola a little more than the distance from Boston to Miami. It covers an ocean floor of 133,000 square miles and includes the famous Lady Elliot and Murray Islands.
• The Great Barrier Reef consists of many essential plants and animals that help it survive. There are coral polyps, which are similar to squid and octopi. They feed on the algae in the coral reef and produce limestone which helps the reef grow and expand. Also, there are 30 species of whales, dolphins, porpoises, dugongs (manatee like animals), 1,500 species of fish, 5,000 species of mollusks, 17 species of sea snakes, 6 species of sea turtles, saltwater crocodiles, 215 species of bird and 15 species of seagrass.  
• Many tourists visit Australia to explore the reef. One activity that you can do there is take a ferry over to Magnetic Island and do snorkeling with the fish. Another activity is to seaplane over Heart Reef and see the turtles at Townsville's HQ Aquarium. You can speedboat to the Great Barrier Reef, skydive from the Whitsunday Islands, witness the turtles hatching on Heron Island and swim with the stingrays on Daydream Island.
• Every year 2 million tourists visit the Great Barrier Reef, making it a tourism hotspot. But there is much concern that such intense tourism is destroying the fragile reef. There is much pollution occurring, such as trash and oil spills found in the water. Another concern is that when tropical storms occur, runoff made from fertilizer and pesticide mix with the ocean water. To stop this terrible pollution, we need to put more effort into protecting and conserving our fragile and natural environment. 

Great Barrier Reef from Plane's View

Civil War- AJ

• If you were drafted during the American Civil War you could legally pay someone else 300$ to go in to your place. The last surviving civil war widow didn't pass away until 2008. She married an 86 year old veteran when she was only 19.
• There's a colony in Brazil founded by 2,000 to 4,000 confederate refugees who left the U.S. after losing the civil war. The U.S had a balloon corps established by Abraham Lincoln.
• Sideburns are named after American civil war general, General Burnside. American civil war soldiers had a code of honor that forbade shooting at men that were going to the bathroom.
• More than 600 women dressed as men so that they could fight in the civil war. During the American civil war, it was necessary to print out money in a hurry, so the Treasury  released paper bills with designated values of fractions of a dollar.
• There are more black men in prison today than there were black male slaves before the American civil war. The confederate  Stonewall Jackson was accidentally shot by his own men during a major civil war battle.

Why Leaves Change Color? - Navo

• Every autumn we enjoy in the beauty of the fall colors. The mixture of red, purple, orange and yellow is the result of chemical processes that take place in the tree as the seasons change from summer to winter.
• During the spring and summer the leaves have served as factories where most of the foods necessary for the tree's growth are manufactured. This food-making process takes place in the leaf in numerous cells containing chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color. This extraordinary chemical absorbs from sunlight the energy that is used in transforming carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates, such as sugars and starch.
• But in the fall, because of changes in the length of daylight and changes in temperature, the leaves stop their food-making process. The chlorophyll breaks down, the green color disappears, and the yellow to orange colors become visible and give the leaves part of their fall.
• As the fall colors appear, other changes are taking place. At the point where the stem of the leaf is attached to the tree, a special layer of cells develops and gradually severs the tissues that support the leaf. At the same time, the tree seals the cut, so that when the leaf is finally blown off by the wind or falls from its own weight, it leaves behind a leaf scar.
• Temperature, light, and water supply have an influence on the degree and the duration of fall color. Low temperatures above freezing will favor anthocyanin formation producing bright reds in maples. However, early frost will weaken the brilliant red color. Rainy and/or overcast days tend to increase the intensity of fall colors. The best time to enjoy the autumn color would be on a clear, dry, and cool (not freezing) day.

Steven Spielberg - Navo

• Steven Allan Spielberg was born on Wednesday, 18 December 1946, in the state of Ohio.  Other famous Hollywood celebrities also share the same date of birth, namely Christina Aguilera, Brad Pitt, Katie Holmes and Rachel Griffiths.
• Steven Spielberg is one of the most successful and influential movie makers of Hollywood. To date, Spielberg has produced 129 movies. He has won two Oscars for Best Director during his career of four decades though he has been nominated on six occasions. Among the top 100 movies of Hollywood that made the most money at the box-office, Spielberg directed seven.
• Do you know what is common between two famous Hollywood actors namely Gwyneth Paltrow and Drew Barrymore? Both of these beautiful actors have Steven Spielberg as their Godfather Spielberg sent Barrymore a note saying, “cover up” when she posed for Playboy magazine.
• Spielberg has been denied the role of director twice for the James Bond movies, which he is really fond of. Producer Albert Broccoli initially denied him the role of director citing inexperience as the key reason. Later when Spielberg became famous, he was again denied the role of director because according to Albert, he was now unaffordable.Steven Spielberg has close affiliations with the 42nd President of the United States of America, Bill Clinton. This was quite evident when Bill Clinton made an appearance at the 2012 Golden Globe Awards for Spielberg’s movie, “Lincoln”.
• Tom Cruise and Steven Spielberg have both worked together on a number of projects. However, they do not get along very well, due to their differences of opinion on issues such as Scientology, the use of Ritalin to treat children and other similar issues.

Global Warming - AJ

• Global Warming could drive to extinction as much as 1 in 6 species of plants and animals. August 14 was the warmest August ever recorded Globally. Cows emit more methane than the oil industry and are a huge factor in Global Warming. Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius was the first to claim fossil fuel combustion may eventually result in enhanced Global Warming already in 1896.
• 37% of Americans think Global Warming is a Hoax. Since 1870, Global sea levels have risen by about 8 inches or 20 centimeters. The year 2010 was the warmest on record. There will be 50% increase in lightning strikes by 2100 if Global Warming continues, according to a scientific report.
• Global Warming has raised the Earth's average surface temperature about 1.5 F since the industrial revolution. there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today than at any point in the last 800,000 years. scientists want to introduce Global Warming on Mars to make life Habitual for Colonization. 
• Despite Global Warming, we're still technically in an ice age. The Marshall islands won't exist if we warm the planet by 2 degrees. It's been over 30 years since we have had a cooler than average month.
• Norway is ranked as the country least likely to be affected by climate change. Chad is the most vulnerable. 64 % of don't believe that Global Warming will seriously change their way of life. Global Warming solved a dispute between India and Bangladesh, the island and dispute disappeared.

Magdeburg Water Bridge - Navo

• The Magdebury Water Bridge is the world's largest water bridge and it is extremely safe. The Water Bridge is also earthquake - proof. The Bridge is 3,000 ft long, 112 ft wide and 14 ft deep. 
• The construction started in 1998 and opened on October 10, 2003. It took 500 million euros (547,525,000 US dollars). Before the The Magdeburg Water Bridge opened ships had to go on the Elbe Canal which made Cargo ships had to cross in the summer because the water was too shallow due to evaporation. 
• Rubber Edges on the boat prevent damage to the ship when they hit the sides. It was constructed with about 68,000 cubic meters of concrete and 24,000 metric tons of steel. 
• This bridge links the formerly separated East and West Germany over the Elbe River, and was built as a part of the unification project. The bridge has a length of 1 km and enables river barges to avoid a cumbersome passage along the Elbe.
• The Madgeburg Water Bridge is located near the town of Magdeburg, Germany. The Bridge is introduced in a movie called "Hanna" it is also featured in the movie "Vitou the Kong".

Recycling - Navo

• 27,000 trees are cut each day to make toilet paper. 95% of data is stored on paper, and most of it is never looked at again. Americans throw away 2.5 million plastic bottles per hour, and each one takes 500 years to decompose.
• Thousands of marine creatures die by mistakenly swallowing plastic bags thinking that they are jellyfish. In 2015 all New Yorkers must recycle all old electronics like old PC's and TV's or must face a $100 fine. 
• Recycling one ton of papers save 17 trees. Today, almost 22% of the glass produced in the United States is recycled. One drip per second from a faucet wastes 540 gallons of water a year.
• Americans recycle only 5% of all the plastics produced in this country. Americans use 100 million steel cans and 200 million aluminum beverage cans every day.
• More than 30 million trees are cut down to produce a year’s supply of newspapers.

Eye - Navo

• The human eye can distinguish about 10 million different colors. People with blue eyes have a higher chance of alcohol tolerance. If the human eye was a camera it would have 576 megapixels. Goldfish can't close their eyes since they have no eyelids. 
• An ostrich's eye is bigger than it's brain. Albert Einstein's eyes are preserved in a safe box in NYC. Bee's have 5 eyes. Dolphins sleep with one eye open. Cats have 3 eyelids.
• It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. Carrots don't make your eyesight better, that was a lie from the British to cover up technology from the Nazi in WWII. Your eyebrows renew themselves every 64 days.
• It's estimated that only 2% of all humans have green eyes. Green color eyes are the rarest eye color. Your eyes can get sunburned. You blink about 12 times a minute. About half the brain has to get involved to see. Reading in dimmed light does not damage your eyes, your eyes become tired.
• When being on a computer you should follow the 20 - 20 - 20 rule. Look at something that is 20 feet away for every 20 minutes for 20 seconds.

Pope - AJ

• Pope Francis is very famous to Catholic people because Pope is the head among all priests and is the head of the Catholic church. Pope Francis is also the Chief of state of Vatican city which is in Italy. Pope Francis was born on December 17, 1936  and now is at age 78 and Pope Francis's nationality is Argentine.
• Pope makes many speeches and Pope is able to speak Spanish, Latin and Italian fluently and has and understanding for German, Portuguese, English, Ukrainian and French.Pope soon had to stop making speeches for a while because he had to go threw surgery to get his right lung removed but now he is fine and healthy even at his old age, 78.
• Even though Pope is a pure Argentinian he still is a big fan of Tango and also is a big fan of the famous Tango dancers. Another Secular thing Pope loves is the sport soccer. He is a big fan of the San Lorenzo de Almagro Soccer club because it is his a traditional soccer team from his home neighborhood.
• Apart from his modesty and humility Pope really does have a good sense of humor.Pope was also photographed trying on a red clown nose in front of the owners of a circus.Before Pope was chosen head of the Catholic church he worked as a Bouncer in Buenos Aries bar so that it would help pay off for his studies.In the 1960s he had taught Literature, Philosophy, Psychology and Theology in many high schools in Argentine.
• Pope acts and reminds people about scenes from the Bible. One time Pope had blessed a man that was covered in Tumors.Pope is a legal citizen of three countries which are Argentine where Pope was born and raised and also in Italy, and even though Vatican city is a city it is still counted as a country so that makes three countries.
  

EA - Electronic Arts - Navo

Latest Fifa game!

• There are many ways to measure the size of each industry, no doubt both industries generate huge incomes. But the video game industry is on a constant growth trend, and doesn’t seem to be suffering from the problems of the movie industry. Pirating is much less common in the gaming industry as most video games are now online and are seen more as a ‘service’ than a product that you buy one time.
• Electronic Arts’ top selling game is “The Sims”  which have sold more than 175 million copies, making it the most successful PC game of all time! The game has been so successful that it has been awarded five world records in the Guinness World Records Gamer’s Edition.
• The Barcelona based mega star has signed a multi-year contract with EA, which will make him the face of their number one selling game, FIFA. Messi was previously signed with Konami (Pro Evolution Soccer), FIFA’s biggest competitor, but was snatched from them in 2012. The soccer series has been also very successful, the game has been localized and translated to 18 languages.
• 2013 was big year for EA as the stock gained almost 60% during the year and the posted revenues amounted to $3.8 Billion!
• In 2011, EA purchased the online gaming company PopCap, which is behind the addictive hit games such as – Zuma, Bejewled and Plants vs Zombies. The purchase was made at around  $1.3 billion. This deal is quite important for EA, as it is a way to reach a different type of audience than the typical EA gamer.

Chess - Navo

• Chess is called the game of kings, because for many centuries it was played primarily by nobility and the upper classes. The Isle of Lewis chess pieces are the oldest surviving complete chess set known. Discovered on they Isle of Lewis, they are made from walrus tusks and show their characters in a range of bad moods - from anger to depression. Click here to see images of the pieces.
• The names of the pieces-- the queen, king, knight, rook and bishop came about during the Middle Ages, when society was extremely oriented towards war and rigidly stratified. During the Renaissance period, society became more dynamic and rules were added to enable rapid attack techniques. These include making the queen more powerful, and permitting pawns to move two squares on the first move.
• The rook is named from an Arabic word rukh, meaning chariot. This reflects its ability to move quickly in straight lines, but not leap over obstacles. During the Middle Ages, when chariots were no longer in use, the rook was gradually modified to look more like the turret of a castle.
• The knight's role has been stable over time. Even in the earliest versions of the game, it represented the cavalry and had the unique ability to leap over its opponents.
• The word "checkmate" comes from the Persian phrase "shah mat," which means "the king is defeated." The folding chess board was originally invented in 1125 by a chess-playing priest. Since the Church forbid priests to play chess, priests hid chess board by making one that looked simply like two books lying together.

Aristotle - Anita

• Ancient Greek Philosopher Aristotle was born 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece. At age seventeen, he enrolled in Plato's Academy. In 338 B.C., he started tutoring Alexander the Great. In 322 B.C., Aristotle created his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing.
• Aristotle's father, Nicomachus, was the physician of the Macedonian King's court. Even at a young age, Aristotle lost his father. His older sister's husband, Proxenus of Atarneus, became his guardian and sent him to Athens to get a higher and better education. Aristotle attended Plato's Academy, a Greek learning institution, and proved to be an outstanding student. Aristotle had a close relationship with famous Philosopher Plato, student of Socrates. After Plato's death in 347 B.C., Aristotle's friend, King Hermia of  Mysia invited him to his court. During his three year stay, Aristotle feel in love with Pythias, Hermia's niece. After he married his first wife, Aristotle had a daughter who he named Pythias.
• In 338 B.C., Aristotle went back to Macedonia to tutor the King's son, Alexander the Great.In 335 B.C, after Alexander succeeded his father and concurred Athens, Aristotle moved there. After he discovered Plato's academy was still there, he got permission from King Alexander and started his own school, the Lyceum. Lyceum students researched subjects like science, math, philosophy and art. They also had outstanding libraries. In the same year the school was created, Aristotle's wife, Pythias died. Some theories state that he fell in love with a woman who was probably his slave, Herpyllis, that was given to him by the King of Macedonia. He freed Herpyllis, married her and had a son, Nicomachus, with her. In 323 B.C., King Alexander died, and the Macedonian court was overthrown. Aristotle was charged guilty, so he fled to Chalcis, where he would remain until his death. 
• Science and Philosophy were the two main subjects Aristotle studied at the Lyceum. He thought that knowledge would from interacting with physical objects. In science, he studied biology and attempted to classify animals into different groups. He put them in groups of which animals had red blood and which animal did not. He called the animals with red blood vertebrates and the animals with "no blood" were called "cephalopods." In philosophy, he created Venn Diagrams and many theories. Aristotle wrote an estimated amount of  200 works, including the books Meteorology, Prior Analytics, Posterior Analytics, Nichomachen Ethics, Edemian Ethics, Categories, On Interpretation, Metaphysics, Politics, Rhetoric, On The Heavens and On The Soul.
• In 322 B.C., Aristotle caught a disease of digestive organs and died. His work was forgotten and revived until the first century. His work built a foundation for seven centuries of philosophy. Aristotle's philosophic work continues to endure.

      

Plato [ Left ] Aristotle [ Right ]

Julius Caesar - AJ

• Julius Caesar was born in Subura, Rome in the year 100 b.c July 12 or 13. His family was not rich in the Roman standards and his full name was Gaius Julius Caesar. At the age of six Julius had started his education and had a private tutor who was named Marcus Antonius Gnipho. He learned how to read and write and he had also learned about the Roman law and how to speak in public.
• Julius's father died when Julius was sixteen and he became the head of his family and had to take care of his mother Aurelia and his sister who was named Julia. At the age seventeen Julius had married a woman who was named Cornelia, who was the daughter of a strong Roman politician.
• Julius's uncle was enemies with the dictator of Rome and then Julius was cautious because of the Roman dictators allies so he had been aware and he decided to leave Rome and he wanted to join the army and fight in war.Then when Sulla died Julius came back to his wife and the rest of his family.
• In Rome at the age 40 Julius was one of the people elected consul, consul in Rome was the highest ranking position in Roman Republic. Caesar became strong in power that politics in Rome were being held in hostile and many other leaders were jealous and others to.
• When Julius was done being consul he wanted to be it again but he had to give up his army if he wanted to be consul but he refused to give up his army so they thought he was a traitor and he did not become consul. When Caesar went to Egypt he married Cleopatra VII. The other leaders thought Julius was to powerful so they plotted to kill him and when Julius went to the senate and an amount of men came out and killed Julius with
  
   23 stabs and he died on the year 15, 44 B.C.

Asoka Maurya - Navo

• By the 3rd century B.C. the kingdom of Magadha under the hegemony of the Mauryas controlled almost the entire Indian subcontinent. Only the southern tip of India and Ceylon remained free of the Mauryas' political influence. However, Buddhist missionaries of Asoka extended religious influence into Ceylon, which became a stronghold of Theravada Buddhism through Asoka's efforts.
• In his youth Asoka served as viceroy of Taxila and later of Ujain. He came to the throne in 273 B.C., but a disputed succession delayed his coronation until 269. In 261 he annexed Kalinga, a vast tract between the Mahanadi and Godavari rivers, killing over 100,000 people and taking 150,000 captives. This was the only aggressive war of his reign, and so shocked the King's conscience that 4 years later he publicly recorded on various edicts his profound sorrow and remorse. He devoted the rest of his life to the propagation of dharma, the Buddhist law of piety.
• To bring his precepts into harmony with his personal practice, Asoka gave up hunting, royal luxuries, and the use of meat in the royal kitchen. He established and endowed hospitals for men and animals, both within his own realm and in those of the neighboring powers. On the highways banyan trees were planted to provide shade, mango groves were laid to provide fruit, wells were dug, watering places constructed, and rest houses established to comfort weary men and animals.
• He made pilgrimages to India's holy places, preaching the law of piety to his subjects along the way. Often he was absent from his capital for as long as 10 months. He appointed a special class of officers, dharma mahamatras, to propagate morality. He asked them to be teachers first, magistrates afterward. Declaring all his subjects to be his children, he considered himself to be the trustee of their welfare rather than a ruler. 
• But Asoka, while utilizing the full force of his administration, recognized frankly that permanent improvement was to be based on genuine change of heart, not on royal measures. He exhorted his subjects to meditate; to practice nonviolence and noninjury toward fellowmen and animals; to revere parents, teachers, mendicants, and elders; to be kind to inferiors such as servants, serfs, and beasts of burden; to be truthful; and to respect the beliefs of fellowmen.
• Not much is known about Asoka's family life. His inscriptions speak of two queens; Buddhist legends mention several. Very little is known about his sons, and how many they were. It is also not known how, when, and where the king-turned-evangelist died. A Tibetan tradition maintains that he died at Taxila. Two grandsons, Dasratha and Samprathi, succeeded him and divided the empire. But within 50 years of Asoka's death, a Brahmanical reaction, led by Pusyamitra, brought the dynasty to an end.

Indira Gandhi - Anita

• Indira Gandhi was born 19, 1917 in Allahabad to Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India. She was later on considered a famous female politician and was third prime minister of India. She was the only child born to her parents because her younger brother died in infancy. Indira Gandhi attended Oxford University later on in her life.
• After she finished collage, Indira Gandhi joined the National Congress and took part in India's independence movement. In 1942, she married Feroze Gandhi, a lawyer also participating in the National Indian Congress. A year later, both of them were arrested by the British Parliament due to subversion.
• When India won its independence in 1947, Nehru took office as prime minster and made Indira Gandhi his official hostess, after her mother had died. She also helped him with national problems and served as his ambassador to other countries. 
• In 1955 was elected body of the congress and then in 1959, she became the president of the party. After her father's death, Indira Gandhi was appointed minister of information and broadcasting. After her father's successor's, India's congress appointed her to the post of prime minister. She was a strong leader, improving India's agriculture, helping the poor and making a peace agreement with Pakistan's prime minister.
• Later on, Indira Gandhi realized that corruption was going on in the congress. After her discovery, the high court charged her guilty because of a infraction during the election and forced her to resign. Gandhi lost the next election and was imprisoned. After she got out of the prison in the 1980s, a Sikh separatist movement begain, and Indira Gandhi tried to stop it. On October 31, 1984, two of Indira Gandhi's loyal bodyguards shot her. On the way to the hospital, Indira Gandhi died.

FIFA - AJ

• FIFA is the international organization for the sport of soccer. FIFA organizations's main building are in Zurich and Switzerland. FIFA had been established in Paris on May 21, 1905.
• FIFA's main organ is it's congress and the congress has a meeting every year so they can decide where FIFA will have their tournament that year. The FIFA in Paris has 209 of its associations. FIFA has been expanded to 208 countries big.
• FIFA can be shown on social media like Facebook, Twitter and also on your TV. The Leader of FIFA named Sep Blatter who has had leadership for 40 years and had became the leader of it in 1975. A man Named Robert Guerin was the first FIFA president. The second president of FIFA was named Daniel Burley Woolfall and then he passed it on.
• FIFA had started expanding and started becoming larger and spread over most of the world and that is when in the 1920s they started to have world wide tournaments. The first played tournament was in 1930. FIFA in the 1960s had started being on television and now a days you can see on many devices and computer tools.
• FIFA has had the duty to make the best worldwide soccer organization and they started doing that in 1920. FIFA got the job to start hiring new people and to arrange tournaments and to expand FIFA in more than one country. FIFA has some great soccer players like Lionel Messi Cristiano Ronaldo and also like Neymar Jr., and retired players who have played for a long time like Paylay and Becham. FIFA has now started women FIFA soccer.
• http://www.football-bible.com/soccer-info/what-is-fifa.html Where I got my facts from.
  

Intel - Navo

• Intel started in 1968 when physicist Robert Noyce and chemist Gordon Moore decided to start their own company.Noyce created the integrated circuit along with Jack Kirby. Initially they wanted to name the company Moore Noyce but decided against it when they realized that it sounded similar to ‘more noise’.INTEL was formed and since then it’s become a worldwide recognized brand when it comes to computers of any kind. A hotel chain had the same name and they had to pay them $15000 to use it.
• The “Intel Inside” brand campaign was launched in 1991 and it helped Intel become one of the most popular brands in the world. It holds the number one spot in the market for semiconductor manufacturers beating the second place Samsung Electronics by quite a margin. In 2009 Intel was named the 23rd most powerful brand in the world.
• Intel has a museum that houses different artifacts and interesting facts about the company and its 40+ years old history. The museum is visited by more than 80,000 people annually.Robert Noyce has always been helpful towards young tech upstarts and has mentored a lot of them to achieve success in the business world. Among the people he mentored is Steve Jobs who went on to create Apple. That’s an interesting connection between two of the leading companies in the IT industry.
• Over the years Intel has worked on acquiring lots of different companies. Intel Capital has invested over $9 billion in 1000 companies since 1991. In 1972 they acquired Microma to enter the digital watch market. They recently acquired McAfee. They also have companies in the car security systems and digital content protection services.
• Intel’s first big success came in the form of the 4004 microprocessor in 1971. It contained 2300 transistors and was a 4 bit CPU. The 8088 CPU that came ten years later had 29000 transistors and was used in IBM computers. IBM had used an outside vendor for the first time and the partnership changed the world of computers. The Core2duo processor has 100,000 times the transistors of the 4004.